Sturdy

Etymology
From, , (perhaps influenced by , , ; see ), from , form of , originally “to daze, to make tipsy (almost drunk)” (Modern French ), from. etymology is unclear – presumably it is +, but how this should mean “daze” is unclear. A speculative theory is that thrushes eat leftover winery grapes and thus became drunk, but this meets with objections.

Disease in cows and sheep is by extension of sense of “daze”, while sense of “strongly built” is of late 14th century, and relationship to earlier sense is less clear, perhaps from sense of a firm strike (causing a daze) or a strong, violent person.

Adjective

 * 1) Of firm build; stiff; stout; strong.
 * a sturdy oak tree
 * He was not of any delicate contexture; his limbs rather sturdy then dainty.
 * 1) Solid in structure or person.
 * It was a sturdy building, able to withstand strong winds and cold weather.
 * The dog was sturdy and could work all day without getting tired.
 * 1)  Foolishly obstinate or resolute; stubborn.
 * This must be done, and I would fain see / Mortal so sturdy as to gainsay.
 * A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps.
 * 1) Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
 * a man of sturdy piety or patriotism
 * A sturdy, hardened sinner shall advance to the utmost pitch of impiety with less reluctance than he took the first steps.
 * 1) Resolute, in a good sense; or firm, unyielding quality.
 * a man of sturdy piety or patriotism

Translations

 * Armenian:
 * Catalan:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Dutch:, ,
 * Finnish:, , , , , ,
 * French:
 * German:
 * Irish: cruadhéanta
 * Italian:, , ,
 * Latvian: stingrs,


 * Maori: pakari, tōtōpū
 * Occitan: robust, solid
 * Polish:, ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian:, , ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: tapaidh, brogach
 * Serbo-Croatian:, ,
 * Spanish:, , ,
 * Swedish:, ,
 * Turkish:
 * Vietnamese: kết thật (結實)


 * Armenian:
 * Chinese:
 * Mandarin:, , ,
 * Dutch: ,
 * Finnish:, ,
 * French: ,
 * German:
 * Italian: ,
 * Latvian: stingrs
 * Maori: pūngerungeru, tōtōpū


 * Persian:
 * Plautdietsch: forsch
 * Polish:, , ,
 * Portuguese:
 * Russian: ,
 * Scottish Gaelic: tapaidh, brogach
 * Serbo-Croatian:, ,
 * Spanish: ,
 * Swedish:, , ,
 * Turkish:

Noun

 * 1) A disease in sheep and cattle, caused by a tapeworm and marked by great nervousness or by dullness and stupor.

Translations

 * Serbo-Croatian: